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and Controls Guidance","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-06-21","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Animal Health Protection (7 U.S.C. 8301-8322)","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301-399d)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Water Quality Standards","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2001-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1972-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"TZA","Name":"United Republic of Tanzania","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1962-03-15","Date_entered_into_force":"1962-03-15"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des 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Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2017-01-23","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Federal Law No. 17 of 2002 on the Regulation and Protection of Industrial Property for Patents and Industrial Designs","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-11-19","Relevant_articles":"Articles 24-32\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Federal Law No.8 of 2013 on the prevention and control of contagious and epidemic animal diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in 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","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-09-10","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Federal Law No. (8) of 2021","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-04-29","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"Federal Law No.14 of 2014 on Combatting Communicable Diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-01-01","Relevant_articles":"**Article 10 - **Isolation\n\n**Article 12** - Quarantine for school and workplace contacts\n\n**Article 21** - Mandatory Childhood Vaccinations, free vaccinations\n\n**Article 24** - Exemption Provisions (Medical)\n\n**Articles 33 and 38** - Isolation enforcement mechanisms\n\n**Article 37 **- Enforcement of Childhood 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1995)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1995-06-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Order No. 316 of the Ministry of Regional Development, Construction, Housing and Municipal Facilities ","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-12-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Law No. 2320-IX “On waste management”","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-06-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"On the protection of the population from infectious diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-04-06","Relevant_articles":"**Article 12 **- Mandatory Vaccination, Emergency Vaccinations, Exemptions\n\n**Article 15** - Enforcement Mechanism\n\n**Article 22** - Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Article 29** - Quarantine\n\n**Article 31** - Isolation and Quarantine\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Tuberculosis vaccination","Enforcement of emergency 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","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Water Act 1995 (Cap 152)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1995-12-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Sewerage","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"National Environment (Standards for Discharge of Effluent Into Water or Land) Regulations, 2020","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 2020 (S.I. No. 49 of 2020)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-03-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"The Public Health Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1935-10-15","Relevant_articles":"**Section 1** - Definition of \"Infectious Diseases\"\n\n**Section 27** - Ministerial Powers to Isolate Sick Persons in Isolation Hospitals, to Impose Isolation on Sick Persons Who Are Not Removed to Hospital, and to Quarantine Contacts to \"Infectious Diseases\"\n\n**Section 29** - Population Level Quarantine\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"The Public Health (Amendment) Bill, 2021","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2023-02-11","Relevant_articles":"**Amendment 2** (to Section 1) - Expanding Definition of Medical Officer to Apply to Both National and Local Governments\n\n**Amendment 13** (to Section 19) - Medical Officer and Physician Isolation Powers\n\n**Amendment 19** (to Section 27) - Addition of Penalties to Section 27\n\n**Amendment 21** (to Section 28) - Changing Definition of Epidemic Diseases\n\n**Amendment 22** (to Section 29) - Ministerial Quarantine and Isolation and Imposing Penalties for Quarantine and Isolation for Epidemic Diseases\n\n**Amendment 27** (to Section 35) - Repeals Penalties Associated with Quarantine and Isolation in Original Act\n\n**Amendment 31** (to Section 38) - Mandatory Vaccination\n\n**Amendment 33** (to Section 40) - Exemption Provisions (Medical Exemption)\n\n**Amendment 37** (to Section 47) - Routine Vaccination Enforcement Mechanism (Criminalization)\n\n**Amendment 39** (to Section 47) - Emergency Vaccination & Emergency Vaccination Enforcement (Criminalization)\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"National Environment (Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing) Regulations, 2005 (S.I. No 30 of 2005)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-03-18","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Scope of legislation","Benefit-sharing","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"National Environment Act, 2019","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-03-07","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Benefit-sharing"]}]},{"ISO3":"TUV","Name":"Tuvalu","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1993-05-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1993-05-07"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) 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(Cap.32.32)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1967-07-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]}]},{"ISO3":"TKM","Name":"Turkmenistan","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1992-07-02","Date_entered_into_force":"1992-07-02"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1992-09-25","Date_entered_into_force":"1992-09-25"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1996-01-11","Date_entered_into_force":"1996-01-11"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the 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Code","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality monitoring","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Law No. 136-IV “On potable water”","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-09-25","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"On Waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-04-05","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Law of Turkmenistan on the prevention of infectious diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-03-13","Relevant_articles":"**Articles 6, 20 - **Quarantine and Isolation by a Nationally Authorized Body\n\n**Article 11** - Emergency Vaccinations\n\n**Article 12** - Mandatory Childhood Vaccinations, Exemption Provisions\n\n**Article 15** - Enforcement Mechanisms for Childhood Vaccination (Social Exclusion)\n\n**Article 26 - **Population Level Quarantine\n\n**Article 30** - Enforcement Mechanisms (Emergency Vaccination, Quarantine/Isolation)\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination"]}]},{"ISO3":"TUR","Name":"Türkiye","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1948-01-02","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-04-07"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1930-03-17","Date_entered_into_force":"1930-03-17"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1996-09-23","Date_entered_into_force":"1996-12-22"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1974-10-25","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-03-26"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2000-05-24","Date_ratified":"2003-10-24","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-01-24"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1995-02-24","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-03-26"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-11","Date_ratified":"1997-02-14","Date_entered_into_force":"1997-05-15"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1925-06-17","Date_ratified":"1929-10-05","Date_entered_into_force":"1929-10-05"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Paris 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products","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation on feed additives used in animal nutrition","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Medicated feed","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Regulation on the management of surface water quality","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2012-11-30","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Regulation on the pollution of water and its surrounding by hazardous substances","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-11-25","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Regulation on the quality of surface water intended for the abstraction of potable water","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-11-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Environment Law No. 2872","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1983-08-11","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Medical Waste Control Regulation","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-01-25","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]}]},{"ISO3":"TUN","Name":"Tunisia","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1956-05-14","Date_entered_into_force":"1956-05-14"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1924-01-25","Date_ratified":"1925-02-14","Date_entered_into_force":"1925-02-14"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1974-07-10","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-07-01"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1973-05-18","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-03-26"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2001-04-19","Date_ratified":"2003-01-22","Date_entered_into_force":"2003-09-11"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1995-02-27","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-03-29"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-13","Date_ratified":"1993-07-15","Date_entered_into_force":"1993-12-29"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1967-07-12","Date_entered_into_force":"1967-07-12"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2011-05-11","Date_ratified":"2021-08-27","Date_entered_into_force":"2021-11-25"},{"Name":"Paris 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order of the Minister of Agriculture and Hydraulic Resources and the Minister of Public Health dated 27 December 2006","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Law No. 75-16 promulgating the Water Code","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1975-03-31","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Law No. 93-41 relating to the National Sanitation Office","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1993-04-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Decree No. 79-768 regulating the conditions for connection and discharge of effluents into the public sewer network","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1979-09-08","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Order of the Minister of Equipment, Regional Planning and Sustainable Development and of the Minister of Health dated 6 June 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-06-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Decision of the Minister of Public Health dated October 28, 2005 fixing the list of compulsory vaccinations","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-10-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Diphtheria vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination 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disposal"]},{"Name":"European Union (Veterinary Medicinal Products and Medicated Feed) Regulations 2022","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Infectious Diseases Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2006-03-30","Relevant_articles":"**Article 14** - regards notifiable diseases\n\n**Article 18** - regards isolation\n\n**Article 19** - regards quarantine \n\n**Article 22** - outlines the mandatory vaccinations and also creates a framework for medical exemptions to vaccinations, but does not allow for non-medical exemptions\n\n**Articles 23 and 24** - require mandatory treatment, which can include prophylactic treatment and immunization for those exposed to infectious diseases\n\n**Article 25** - mandates that the Minister of Health set the annual vaccination schedule for mandatory vaccines\n\n**Article 56** - regards physician penalties\n\n**Article 57 **- regards patient penalties. The mandatory vaccinations are to be enforced by exclusion of unvaccinated children from schools and may also result in a fine of between 400 and 4,000 Euros. This mandatory emergency vaccination is enforceable by a fine ranging from 4,000-100,000 Euros. \n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination","Enforcement of emergency vaccination"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence 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(EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases ('Animal Health Law')","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial 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Directives","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"European Union (Veterinary Medicinal Products and Medicated Feed) Regulations 2022","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"(2021/C 13/01) Guidance document on the scope of application and core obligations of Regulation (EU) No 511/2014","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Access to resources","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1866","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance"]},{"Name":"The Law 263/2015 on the scope for the area of ​​access to genetic resources and the use of benefits resulting from their use","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-12-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance","Legal sanctions","Scope of legislation"]},{"Name":"Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic establishing details on the prevention and control of communicable 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hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Delegated Decree No. 130 on guidelines concerning Environmental Impact Assessment","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-10-10","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Vaccination Regulations","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1995-05-23","Relevant_articles":"**Article 1-4** - Mandatory Childhood Vaccination\n\n**Article 6 **- Exemption Provisions (Medical)\n\n**Article 7 **- Exemption Provisions (Non-Medical, but, must buy third party insurance)\n\n**Article 10** - Enforcement Mechanism (Criminalization)\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination 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sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"On immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1998-09-17","Relevant_articles":"**Article 4.2** - All vaccinations will be offered free of charge\n\n**Article 5.1 **- Anyone may refuse vaccination (Non-medical exemptions)\n\n**Article 5.2** - Penalties (Social Exclusion), Entry/Exit Vaccination\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination"]}]},{"ISO3":"ROU","Name":"Romania","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1948-06-08","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-06-08"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation 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disposal"]},{"Name":"European Union (Veterinary Medicinal Products and Medicated Feed) Regulations 2022","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"(2021/C 13/01) Guidance document on the scope of application and core obligations of Regulation (EU) No 511/2014","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Access to resources","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1866","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance"]},{"Name":"Order No. 828 / 23.03.2023 for the approval of the General Guidelines and the practical Guidelines on the Nagoya Protocol","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2023-04-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Contractual terms","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Scope of legislation"]},{"Name":"Law regarding the organization and financing of population vaccination activity in Romania","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-07-31","Relevant_articles":"**Article 13** - Mandatory Vaccinations and Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Article 22** - Medical Exemptions\n\n**Article 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the state of groundwater","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-10-11","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Regulation on the classification of ecological status, ecological potential, chemical status and the method of classifying the status of surface water bodies as well as environmental quality standards for priority substances","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-10-11","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Regulation on water profile in bathing water","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-11-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Regulation on neutralization and storage of medical waste and veterinary waste","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-11-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Regulation on conditions for recognizing waste as having infectious properties and on the method for determining these properties","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-12-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Act on collective water supply and Collective Discharge of Waste Water","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2001-06-07","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-10-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste water treatment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1991-05-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Regulation on the permissible quantities of pollutants that may be discharged in industrial wastewater","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-07-08","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"European Union (Veterinary Medicinal Products and Medicated Feed) Regulations 2022","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"(2021/C 13/01) Guidance document on the scope of application and core obligations of Regulation (EU) No 511/2014","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Access to resources","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1866","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance"]},{"Name":"Act of of 19 July 2016 on Access to Genetic Resources and Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-07-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance","Contractual terms","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"PHL","Name":"Philippines","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1948-07-09","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-07-09"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1985-11-29","Date_entered_into_force":"1985-11-29"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1981-08-18","Date_entered_into_force":"1981-11-16"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1973-05-19","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-03-26"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2000-05-24","Date_ratified":"2006-10-05","Date_entered_into_force":"2007-01-03"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1994-12-19","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-01"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-12","Date_ratified":"1993-10-08","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-01-06"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva 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Quarantine Movement Protocol During Animal Disease Outbreaks/Emergencies","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Approval of other animal health measures","Animal movement regulations","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Administrative Order No. 39 (Dept. Agriculture) and No. 111-B (Dept. Health) of 1991 on Rules and Regulations to Implement Prescribing requirements for the Veterinary Drugs and Products","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Presidential Decree No. 1067 - The Water Code of The Philippines","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1976-12-31","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Presidential Decree No. 856 Promulgating the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1975-12-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Administrative-Order-No.-2007-0014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2007-03-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"DENR Administrative Order No. 2021-19 Updated Water Quality Guidelines (WQG) and General Effluent Standards (GES) for Selected Parameters","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-06-30","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"An Act Providing for Mandatory Basic Immunization Services for Infants and Children","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2011-06-21","Relevant_articles":"**Sections 2, 3** - Mandatory Childhood Vaccinations\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Executive Order No. 247 May 18, 1995","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1995-05-18","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"Department Administrative Order No.96-20","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1996-06-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Benefit-sharing","Contractual terms","Legal sanctions","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Guidelines for Bioprospecting Activities in the Philippines","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-01-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]}]},{"ISO3":"PER","Name":"Peru","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1949-11-11","Date_entered_into_force":"1949-11-11"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1924-01-25","Date_ratified":"1998-03-16","Date_entered_into_force":"1998-03-16"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1975-06-27","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-09-25"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1985-06-05","Date_entered_into_force":"1985-06-05"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2000-05-24","Date_ratified":"2004-04-14","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-07-13"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1994-12-21","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-01"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-12","Date_ratified":"1993-06-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1993-12-29"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1985-06-05","Date_entered_into_force":"1985-06-05"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2011-05-04","Date_ratified":"2014-07-08","Date_entered_into_force":"2014-10-12"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-07-25","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-04"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2016-09-13","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Decision No. 486 of the Andean Community Commission Establishing the Common Regime on Industrial Property","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-09-14","Relevant_articles":"Articles 61 to 69\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Approval of the Supplementary Provisions of Decision No. 486 of the Andean Community Commission Establishing the Common Regime on Industrial Property","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-06-27","Relevant_articles":"Article 40\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Regulation of Organization and Functions of the National Agrarian Health Service (SENASA)","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Regulations for registration, control and marketing of products for veterinary use and animal feed","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Resolution No. 072-2013-MINAGRI-SENASA-DIAIA — Prohibits the import and sale of various active ingredients, as well as their use in the manufacture of veterinary products or animal feed for human consumption","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Guidelines for the proper use and traceability of feed, medicated feed and veterinary products for use in aquaculture","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Resolution No. 005-2021-SANIPES-PE ─ Sanitary Technical Procedure for the official control of resistance to antimicrobials in hydrobiological resources and products","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-01-22","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Regulation of Titles I, II and III of Decree Law No. 17,752, General Water Law","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1969-12-12","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Water quality monitoring","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"General Environmental Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-10-13","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Regulation for the Reuse of Sludge Generated in Wastewater Treatment Plants","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-06-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"General Vaccine Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-06-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement"]},{"Name":"General Health Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1997-07-15","Relevant_articles":"**Articles 76 and 79** - Jurisdictional Authority\n\n**Article 80 **- Exemption Provisions to Mandatory Vaccinations\n\n**Article 130** - Mandatory Vaccination, Emergency Vaccination, Quarantine, and Isolation\n\n**Article 134** - Penalties, which may include a warning or a fine, assessed on the severity of the violation\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Childhood vaccination requirement"]},{"Name":"Ministerial Resolution No 719-2018/MINSA","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-08-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Childhood vaccination"],"Subtopics":["Chickenpox (varicella) vaccination","Diphtheria vaccination","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Decision 486","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-09-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Access to resources","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"Decision 391 ","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1996-07-17","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Access to resources","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"Law Introducing the Protection Regime for the Collective Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples derived from Biological Resources","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-08-10","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Contractual terms","Legal sanctions","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Scope of legislation"]},{"Name":"Supreme Decree No. 019-2021-MINAM that approves the Regulation of access to genetic resources and their derivatives","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-07-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Scope of legislation","Benefit-sharing","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"PRY","Name":"Paraguay","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1949-01-04","Date_entered_into_force":"1949-01-04"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1967-12-12","Date_entered_into_force":"1967-12-12"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1976-11-15","Date_entered_into_force":"1977-02-13"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1976-06-09","Date_entered_into_force":"1976-06-09"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2001-05-03","Date_ratified":"2004-03-10","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-06-08"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 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(TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2018-07-04","Date_entered_into_force":"2018-07-04"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Law No. 1630/2000 - on Patents","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-11-29","Relevant_articles":"Chapter 6\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Law No. 2,426 - Creates the National Service for Animal Quality and Health (SENACSA)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Law No. 987/64 - that regulates the exercise of the profession of veterinarian","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Law No. 667 - Establishes the regime of registration and comprehensive control of products for veterinary use and sets conditions to develop activities of preparation, fractionation, distribution, import, export, possession, sale and use of said products","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Law No. 294/93 - Environmental Impact Assessment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1993-12-31","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Law No. 1614 - General of the Regulatory and Tariff Framework of the Public Service for the Provision of Drinking Water and Sanitary Sewerage for the Republic of Paraguay","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-07-07","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Law No. 3.239/07 - on Paraguay's Water Resources","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2007-07-10","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Law No. 3361 - on Waste Generated in Health and Related Establishments","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1007-11-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Law No. 4621 - National Vaccines","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2012-05-21","Relevant_articles":"**Articles 4,6 **- Mandatory Vaccinations (to be set by health authority), Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Article 8** - Exception Provisions (Medical)\n\n**Article 15** - Penalty (Social Exclusion, not enforceable, but child must be referred to local health authority to ameliorate the issue)\n\n**Article 31** - Penalty (Criminalization equal to a minor offense, which may result in a verbal/written warning and a fine of 1-5 days' salary)\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Chickenpox (varicella) vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]}]},{"ISO3":"PNG","Name":"Papua New Guinea","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization 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Enforcement Mechanism for Emergency Vaccination (Criminalization)\n\n**Section 5303** Alert systems\n\n**Section 5305c** Transparency\n\n**Section 5306, 5307 and 5309 **Community engagement\n\n**Section 5312** Alert systems\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation","Risk communication and community engagement"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Community engagement mandate","Public alert systems","Transparency requirements","Emergency media and communications authority"]}]},{"ISO3":"PAK","Name":"Pakistan","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1948-06-23","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-06-23"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office 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pollution","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Law on environment (2016)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-07-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Regulation on the conditions, manner and procedure of medical waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2012-09-12","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Law on waste management","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2011-12-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Regulation on quality and sanitary-technical conditions for wastewater discharge, manner and procedure of testing wastewater quality and content of the report on determined wastewater quality","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-09-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Decree on the Proclamation of the Nature Protection Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-15","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Compliance","Contractual terms","Legal sanctions","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Scope of legislation"]},{"Name":"Law on the Protection of the Population from Infectious Diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-10-15","Relevant_articles":"**Article 6 - **Quarantinable Diseases\n\n**Articles 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vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate"]}]},{"ISO3":"MEX","Name":"Mexico","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1948-04-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-04-07"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1924-01-25","Date_ratified":"1949-12-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1949-12-07"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International 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provision"]},{"Name":"Federal law on animal health","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures"]},{"Name":"Official Mexican Standard NOM-064-ZOO-2000: Guidelines for the classification and prescription of veterinary pharmaceutical products by the risk level of their active ingredients","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulations of the Federal Animal Health Law","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"National Water Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1992-11-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Operating rules for the Hydro-agricultural Infrastructure Programs, and Drinking Water, Sewerage and Sanitation under the responsibility of the National Water Commission","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-03-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Policies and procedures for the evaluation of the conformity of the official Mexican standards NOM-003-CNA-1996 and NOM-004-CNA-1996","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-12-29","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"General Law on Health","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2023-05-29","Relevant_articles":"**Article 134** - Actionable Diseases\n\n**Articles 134 and 139** - Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Article 139, 408** - Emergency Vaccination, Enforcement Mechanism (Criminalization, forcible vaccination)\n\n**Article 144** - Mandatory Vaccination\n\n**Chapter 2** - Mandatory Vaccination, Exemption Provisions\n\n**Article 419** - Penalties (Criminalization)\n\n**Article 157 Bis 3 **Transparency requirements about vaccines\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation","Risk communication and community engagement"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Tuberculosis vaccination","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Transparency requirements"]},{"Name":"General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1988-03-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Legal sanctions","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Scope of legislation"]},{"Name":"General Law of Sustainable Forest Development","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-09-05","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Benefit-sharing","Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"MUS","Name":"Mauritius","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1968-12-09","Date_entered_into_force":"1968-12-09"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1985-11-20","Date_entered_into_force":"1985-11-20"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1975-04-28","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-07-27"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons 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Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2012-12-17","Date_entered_into_force":"2014-10-12"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-04-22","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-04"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2008-04-16","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Patents, Industrial Designs and Trademarks Act 2002","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-07-02","Relevant_articles":"Sections 23-24\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Council Act 2020 (Act No. 12 of 2020)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Pharmacy Act 1983 (No. 60 of 1983)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Environment Protection (Standards of Effluent for Use in Irrigation) Regulations 2003 (G.N. No. 46 of 2003)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-02-05","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Guidelines for irrigation water quality (G.N. No. 617 of 1999)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Public Health Act (Cap. 277)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1925-12-31","Relevant_articles":"Sections 48-49, 78-80, and 136 address national powers for isolation. Sections 79 and 80 address national power to quarantine. Sections 49, 79, and 139 address patient penalties. Note that although the policy defines \"infectious or communicable diseases\" as diseases referred to under Section 71, the diseases in Section 71 only apply to Section 71.\n\n** Part V, 79 **Transparency requirements\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene","Quarantine and isolation","Risk communication and community engagement"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Sewerage","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate","Transparency requirements"]},{"Name":"Environment Protection Act 2002 (No. 19 of 2002)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-07-11","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Environment Protection (Standards for effluent discharge) Regulations 2003 (G.N. No. 44 of 2003)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-02-05","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Waste Water Management Authority (Amendment) Act 2004 (No. 26 of 2004)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2004-08-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Waste Water (License for Discharge of Industrial Effluent into a Waste Water System) Regulations 2019 (G.N. No. 2 of 2020)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-12-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]}]},{"ISO3":"MRT","Name":"Mauritania","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1961-03-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1961-03-07"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1959-08-21","Date_entered_into_force":"1959-08-21"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1998-03-13","Date_entered_into_force":"1998-06-11"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2015-01-28","Date_entered_into_force":"2015-01-28"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2005-07-22","Date_entered_into_force":"2005-10-20"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"1995-05-31"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-12","Date_ratified":"1996-08-16","Date_entered_into_force":"1996-11-14"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2011-05-18","Date_ratified":"2015-08-18","Date_entered_into_force":"2015-11-16"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2017-02-27","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-03-29"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Agreement Revising the Bangui Agreement of March 2, 1977, on the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1977-03-02","Relevant_articles":"Articles 49 to 58 of Annex I\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 2017 - 0116 of September 27, 2017 on the Organization of the exercise of the Veterinary Profession in Mauritania","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures"]},{"Name":"Order No. R-002 authorizing and regulating the sale and use of vaccines, medicines and veterinary products","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Law No. 2000-045 relating to the framework law on the environment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-07-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Law No. 2005-30 establishing the Water Code","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-02-02","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]}]},{"ISO3":"MHL","Name":"Marshall Islands","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1991-06-05","Date_entered_into_force":"1991-06-05"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2012-11-15","Date_entered_into_force":"2012-11-15"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2003-01-27","Date_entered_into_force":"2003-09-11"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-12","Date_ratified":"1992-10-08","Date_entered_into_force":"1993-12-29"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2014-10-10","Date_entered_into_force":"2015-01-08"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-04-22","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-04"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null}],"Documents":[{"Name":"National Environmental Protection Act 1984","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1984-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Toilet Facilities and Sewage Disposal Regulations","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1990-02-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Public Water Supply Regulations 1994","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1994-01-07","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 1994","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1994-01-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Medicine Chest Requirements, Recordkeeping, Responsibilities, and Training for Medical Care","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2023-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Ministry of Environment Act, 2018","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":null}]},{"ISO3":"MLT","Name":"Malta","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1965-02-01","Date_entered_into_force":"1965-02-01"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1989-04-27","Date_entered_into_force":"1989-04-27"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1989-04-17","Date_entered_into_force":"1989-07-16"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-09-11","Date_ratified":"1975-04-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-04-07"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2007-01-05","Date_entered_into_force":"2007-04-05"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1994-12-22","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-01"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-12","Date_ratified":"2000-12-29","Date_entered_into_force":"2001-03-29"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva 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417)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-06-01","Relevant_articles":"Articles 39-40\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases ('Animal Health Law')","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Services Act (No. XXIII of 2001)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Nitrates Action Programme Regulations, 2011 (L.N. 321 of 2011)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2011-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"The 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan for the Malta Water Catchment District 2015-2021","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Sewer Discharge Control (Amendment) Regulations, 2005","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Waste Regulations","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2011-06-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Environment Protection Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-01-31","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-10-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste water treatment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1991-05-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"European Union (Veterinary Medicinal Products and Medicated Feed) Regulations 2022","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"(2021/C 13/01) Guidance document on the scope of application and core obligations of Regulation (EU) No 511/2014","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Access to resources","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1866","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance"]},{"Name":"Public Health Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-11-21","Relevant_articles":"**Section 15** - Power to isolate and quarantine\n\n**Sections 38, 39, 40** - Penalties\n\n**Section 27(d)** - Mandatory childhood and emergency vaccination\n\n**Section 44** - Enforcement of Mandatory Childhood and Emergency Vaccination\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Childhood vaccination requirement"]},{"Name":"L.N. 379 of 2016 Environment Protection Act (CAP. 549)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-11-08","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Contractual terms","Legal sanctions","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Scope of legislation"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting 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Services","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Law No. 2016-004 of February 12, 2016 - Governing Veterinary Pharmacy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Medicated feed","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Law No. 02-006 of 31 January 2002 - Water Code","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-01-30","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 2018-0993/P-RM of 31 December 2018 fixing the conditions for the implementation of the environmental 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Disposal","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"National Healthcare Waste Management Policy","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-04-25","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Public Health Protection Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2012-12-17","Relevant_articles":"**Articles 12 and 14** - Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Article 17** - Quarantine and Isolation Enforcement Mechanisms\n\n**Article 18** - Childhood and Emergency Vaccination Mandates, Enforcement Mechanisms (Social Exclusion, Criminalization, Forcible Vaccination [Emergency Vaccination only])\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Tuberculosis vaccination"]}]},{"ISO3":"MYS","Name":"Malaysia","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1958-04-24","Date_entered_into_force":"1958-04-24"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1970-03-19","Date_entered_into_force":"1970-03-19"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 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291)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1983-12-15","Relevant_articles":"Sections 48-54\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Animals Act, 1953","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Surgeons Act 1974 (Act 147)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Sale of Drugs Act 1952 (Act 368)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Feed (Prohibited Antibiotics, Hormones and Other Chemicals) Regulations 2012","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Waters Act 1920","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1920-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1987-09-30","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"National Standard for Drinking Water Quality","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-12-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Guidelines on the Handling and Management of Clinical Wastes in Malaysia","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2009-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations, 2009","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2009-12-10","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations, 2009","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2009-12-10","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Access to Biological Resources and Benefit Sharing Act 2017","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-10-17","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Legal sanctions","Contractual terms","Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)"]},{"Name":"Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Act 1988","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1988-08-13","Relevant_articles":"**Article 11 (2)** - Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Article 11 (3)** - Emergency Vaccination and Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Article 11 (5)** - Quarantine and Isolation Enforcement Mechanisms\n\n**Article 24** - Enforcement Mechanism for Emergency Vaccination  and Quarantine and Isolation (Criminalization)\n\n**First Schedule** - Actionable Diseases\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties"]}]},{"ISO3":"MWI","Name":"Malawi","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1965-04-09","Date_entered_into_force":"1965-04-09"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1984-03-30","Date_entered_into_force":"1984-03-30"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 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Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1996-03-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Biosafety Act (Cap. 60:03)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Public Health Act (Chapter 34:01)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1948-07-29","Relevant_articles":"**Article 11** - Notifiable diseases\n\n**Articles 29 and 31** - Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Articles 31 and 51 **- Emergency vaccination (51 only on Smallpox)\n\n**Article 37** - Emergency vaccination enforcement mechanism (Criminalization)\n\n**Article 38** - Entry/Exit vaccination\n\n**Article 43** - Mandatory childhood vaccination\n\n**Article 45** - Exemption provisions\n\n**Article 47** - Vaccination offered free of 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Protection and Improvement of the Environment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-06-13","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal ","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Minister of Health Resolution No. 456 of 1975 - Issuing the Executive Regulations for the Health Law","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1975-09-01","Relevant_articles":"Chapter 7, Section 1: Infectious Diseases\nArticle 198 - defines \"health authorities\" for the infectious disease section.\nArticles 189-195 - bestow quarantine and isolation powers to the competent health authorities. \nArticle 190 - gives additional isolation powers to Judicial Enforcement Officers. \nThe table at the end of Section 7, Chapter 1: Infectious Diseases establishes notifiable and isolatable diseases. \nArticle 199 and 200 - Mandatory Childhood Vaccination Requirement\nArticle 205 - Emergency Vaccination\nArticle 207 - Medical Exemptions\nArticle 209 - Entry/Exit Vaccinations (Yellow Fever, Cholera, Smallpox)\nSection 542 refers to penalties listed in the Health Law of 1973.\n\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Law No. 106 of 1973 issuing the Health Code","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1973-12-13","Relevant_articles":"Articles 42 and 139\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement 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some positions of this owner, and the series of ranks and salaries of technical employees in it","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Resolution No. 121 of 2011 regarding the registration, import, manufacture and circulation of veterinary medicinal preparations, disinfectants, sterilizers, veterinary raw materials and feed additives","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Law No. 192 of 2020 to amend Law No. 77 of 13/4/2018 “Water Law”","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-10-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Sewerage","Effluent 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Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2007-02-15","Relevant_articles":"Section 54\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases ('Animal Health Law')","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Medicine Law (2001)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Cabinet Regulation No. 92 of 2004 on Requirements for the Monitoring of Surface Water, Groundwater and Protected Areas and the Development of Monitoring 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of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-10-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste water treatment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1991-05-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Waste Management Law (2010)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-11-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"European Union (Veterinary Medicinal Products and Medicated Feed) Regulations 2022","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"(2021/C 13/01) Guidance document on the scope of application and core obligations of Regulation (EU) No 511/2014","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Access to resources","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1866","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance"]},{"Name":"Vaccination Rules","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-09-26","Relevant_articles":"**Article 3:** Mandatory Vaccines\n\n**Article 8:** Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Article 22: **Non-medical Exemptions\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Chickenpox (varicella) vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Law on Utilisation of Genetic Resources","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-12-10","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Legal sanctions","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Epidemiological Safety Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1997-12-11","Relevant_articles":"**Section 19** - Quarantine\n\n**Sections 20 and 21** - Isolation\n\n**Section 22 **- Isolation and Enforcement Mechanisms\n\n**Section 30 (1) - **Mandatory Vaccination, (3) Emergency Mandatory Vaccination\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Childhood vaccination requirement","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"KGZ","Name":"Kyrgyzstan","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1992-04-29","Date_entered_into_force":"1992-04-29"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des 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and Non-Medical)\n\n**Article 18** - Mandatory Emergency and Childhood Vaccination\n\n**Article 20**- Individual-level Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Article 21**- Population-level Quarantine and Enforcement Mechanisms\n\n**Article 27** - Quarantine and Isolation Enforcement Mechanisms\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate"]}]},{"ISO3":"KWT","Name":"Kuwait","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World 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Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2017-06-01","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-08-30"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-01"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-09","Date_ratified":"2002-08-02","Date_entered_into_force":"2002-10-31"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1971-12-15","Date_entered_into_force":"1971-12-15"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2017-06-01","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-08-30"},{"Name":"Paris 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hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Law No. 21 of 2015 on Child’s Rights","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-05-04","Relevant_articles":"**Article 18 **- Requirement for childhood vaccination\n\n**Article 83** - Enforcement of Childhood Vaccination Mechanism (Criminalization)\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Law No. 8 of 1969 regarding health precautions to prevent communicable diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1969-04-07","Relevant_articles":"**Articles 4** - Isolation\n\n**Articles 5, 6** - Quarantine\n\n**Articles 12, 13** - Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Article 15** - Emergency Vaccination and Population-level Quarantine\n\n**Article 17** - Enforcement of Emergency Vaccination (Criminalization), has since been amended\n\n**Table **- Actionable Diseases\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Authority to quarantine","Authority to isolate","List of actionable diseases"]}]},{"ISO3":"XXK","Name":"Kosovo","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity 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37)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1977-07-29","Relevant_articles":"Sections 48-59\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Quarantine Ordinance [Cap 85]","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Approval of other animal health measures"]},{"Name":"Environment Act 1999 (Act No. 9 of 1999)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-03-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Environment Regulations 2001","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2001-12-13","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal ","Medical waste disposal","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"National Sanitation Policy (Effective Sanitation for Healthy Communities, Environments and Sustainable Development","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-03-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Environment Act No. 18 of 2021","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-05-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Contractual terms","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Scope of legislation"]}]},{"ISO3":"KEN","Name":"Kenya","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1964-01-27","Date_entered_into_force":"1964-01-27"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1964-08-28","Date_entered_into_force":"1964-08-28"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1978-12-13","Date_entered_into_force":"1979-03-13"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1976-01-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1976-01-07"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2000-05-15","Date_ratified":"2002-01-24","Date_entered_into_force":"2003-09-11"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1994-12-23","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-01"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-11","Date_ratified":"1994-07-26","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-10-24"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1970-06-17","Date_entered_into_force":"1970-06-17"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2012-02-01","Date_ratified":"2014-04-07","Date_entered_into_force":"2014-10-12"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-12-28","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-27"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2015-07-21","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Industrial Property Act, 2001","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2001-07-27","Relevant_articles":"Sections 72-78 and 80\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Surgeons and Veterinary Para-professionals Act, 2011 (Cap. 366)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Surgeons and Veterinary Paraprofessionals (Veterinary Medicines Directorate) Regulations, 2015 (L.N. No. 209 of 2015)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Animal Diseases Act (Cap. 364)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Approval of other animal health measures","Animal movement regulations","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Animal Diseases Prohibition (L.N. No. 25 of 2010)","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Water Act, 2016 (No. 43 of 2016)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-09-13","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Effluent wastewater disposal ","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Drinking Water Quality and Effluent Monitoring Guideline","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2001-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal ","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste Management) Regulations, 2006 (Cap. 387)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2006-09-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"The Pharmacy and Poisons (Pharmaceutical Waste Management) Rules, Legal Notice no. 99 of 2022","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-06-08","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Public Health Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1921-09-06","Relevant_articles":"**Section 17 **- lists notifiable infectious diseases.\n\n**Section 26** - pertains to isolation.\n\n**Section 27** - pertains to quarantine.\n\n**Sections 35 and 36** - mandate that the Minister may make rules about quarantine, isolation, and mandatory vaccinations during an epidemic.\n\n**Section 79** - pertains to isolation for leprosy.\n\n**Section 164** - sets penalties.\n\n\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties"]},{"Name":"Science, Technology, and Innovation Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2013-01-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Legal sanctions","Access to resources"]},{"Name":"The Environmental Management and Co-Ordination Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-01-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Legal sanctions","Scope of legislation","Access to resources","Benefit-sharing"]},{"Name":"The Environmental Management and Co-Ordination Regulations","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2006-12-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Benefit-sharing","Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"KAZ","Name":"Kazakhstan","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1992-08-19","Date_entered_into_force":"1992-08-19"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1993-04-23","Date_entered_into_force":"1993-04-23"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2000-01-20","Date_entered_into_force":"2000-04-19"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2007-06-15","Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2008-09-08","Date_entered_into_force":"2008-12-07"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2015-07-27","Date_ratified":"2015-10-31","Date_entered_into_force":"2015-11-30"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-09","Date_ratified":"1994-09-06","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-12-05"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva 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veterinary","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Order No. 7-1/587 of the Minister of Agriculture validating Veterinary (sanitary-veterinary) regulations","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Water Code (No.481 of 2003)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-07-09","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Ministerial Decree No. 104 validating Sanitary Regulation ","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2012-01-18","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Ministerial Decree No. 50 validating the Regulation on maximum permissible harmful impacts on water bodies","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2004-01-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"On approval of the rules for provision of information on medical waste","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-03-30","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Environmental Code (Law No. 400-VI ZRK)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-01-02","Relevant_articles":"Section 19\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Resolution No. 612 of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated September 24, 2020","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-09-24","Relevant_articles":"Article 104.7.6 - Isolation\nArticle 104.7.7 - Quarantine\nArticles 157 and 158 - Court Ordered Tuberculosis Treatment\nAnnex 1 - Requirement for Mandatory Childhood Vaccination\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan m.a. Order No. 150 of September 21, 2023","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2023-09-21","Relevant_articles":"Article 3-4 - Emergency Vaccination\nArticle 13 - Exemption Provisions (Medical)\nAppendix 4 - Exemption Provisions (Non-Medical)\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement"]}]},{"ISO3":"JOR","Name":"Jordan","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1947-04-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-04-07"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1961-07-26","Date_entered_into_force":"1961-07-26"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 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(CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-11","Date_ratified":"1993-11-12","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-02-10"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1977-01-20","Date_entered_into_force":"1977-01-20"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2012-01-10","Date_ratified":"2012-01-10","Date_entered_into_force":"2014-10-12"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-11-04","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-12-04"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2008-08-06","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Law No. 32 of 1999 on Patents","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-09-20","Relevant_articles":"Articles 22-26\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Law No. 10 on practicing the veterinary profession","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Act No. 2 of 1967 on the control of veterinary medicines and their production","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Agriculture Law No.13 of 2015","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Law on the Water Authority No.18 of 1988 as amended by Law No.62 of 2001","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2001-11-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Water quality standards","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal ","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Waste Management Framework Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-03-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Public Health Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-06-30","Relevant_articles":"**Chapter 5** - Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Chapter 6** - Requirement for Childhood Vaccination, Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Article 66** - Enforcement Mechanism (Criminalization)\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate"]}]},{"ISO3":"JPN","Name":"Japan","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1951-05-16","Date_entered_into_force":"1951-05-16"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des 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(TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2007-08-10","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Patent Act (Act No. 121 of April 13, 1959)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1959-04-13","Relevant_articles":"Articles 72, 79-83 and 92-97\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Veterinarian Act No. 186 of 1944","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Act on Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases Control","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Regulatory Rules for Veterinary Medicinal Products, Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries No. 107, 2004","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Water Pollution Prevention Act (No. 138 of 1970)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1970-12-25","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Japan Sewerage Works Agency Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1972-05-29","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization ","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-05-18","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Access to resources","Compliance","Benefit-sharing","Contractual terms","Prior informed consent (PIC)"]},{"Name":"ABS Guidelines","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-07-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Contractual terms","Prior informed consent (PIC)"]},{"Name":"Overview of the Nagoya Protocol domestic security measures","Type":"Supporting 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agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Approval of other animal health measures","Animal movement regulations","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Pharmacy Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Water Resources Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1998-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Natural Resources Conservation (Wastewater and Sludge) Regulations 2013 (S.I. No. 69A of 2013)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2013-04-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal ","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"The National Solid Waste Management Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-04-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"The Public Health (Immunization) Regulations, 1986","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1986-08-07","Relevant_articles":"**3.2** - Vaccinations are offered free of charge\n\n**5.1, Schedule A** - Mandatory vaccines\n\n**5.2b** - Emergency vaccination\n\n**5.3, 6 **- Medical exemptions\n\n**9.1** - Penalty (social exclusion)\n\n**10 **- Penalty (criminalization)\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination","Enforcement of emergency vaccination"]}]},{"ISO3":"ITA","Name":"Italy","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1947-04-11","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-04-07"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1924-01-25","Date_ratified":"1927-05-23","Date_entered_into_force":"1927-05-23"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered 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No. 30 of February 10, 2005)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-02-10","Relevant_articles":"Articles 70-72\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases ('Animal Health Law')","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers February 11, 2014, n. 59","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Legislative Decree No. 193 implementing Directive 2004/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2001/82/EC on the Community code relating to veterinary medicinal products","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Urgent provisions on vaccination prevention","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-07-31","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Chickenpox (varicella) vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Legislative Decree No. 152/2006 approving the Code on the Environment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-04-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Ministerial Decree (Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea) 14 April 2009, n. 56 Regulation ","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2009-04-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Regulation governing the management of medical waste pursuant to article 24 of the law of 31 July 2002, n. 179","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-09-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-10-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste water treatment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1991-05-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"European Union (Veterinary Medicinal Products and Medicated Feed) Regulations 2022","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"(2021/C 13/01) Guidance document on the scope of application and core obligations of Regulation (EU) No 511/2014","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Access to resources","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1866","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"ISR","Name":"Israel","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1949-06-21","Date_entered_into_force":"1949-06-21"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1949-01-24","Date_entered_into_force":"1949-01-24"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 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the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1969-02-10","Date_entered_into_force":"1969-02-10"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-11-22","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-12-22"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2007-08-10","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Patent Law, 5727-1967","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1967-08-08","Relevant_articles":"**Sections 104-107 and 116-127**\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Veterinarian Doctor’s Law, 1991","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Water Law, 5719-1959","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1959-08-03","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Public Health Regulations 2013 The Sanitary Quality of Drinking Water and Drinking Water Facilities","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2013-06-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Effluent Quality Standards and Rules for Sewage Treatment, 2010\"","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Hazardous Substances Law, 1993","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1993-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Public Health Ordinance, 1940","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1940-01-01","Relevant_articles":"**Section 15** - gives quarantine powers to the Ministry of Health and gives government doctors the ability to order temporary isolation and quarantine.\n\n**Section 19** -  states that, in the event of a localized disease epidemic, Israeli medical authorities have the right to take any measures necessary to contain the disease, which can include the mandatory administration of vaccines.\n\n**Section 20** - pertains to emergency powers, giving the Ministry of Health the power to isolate, arrest, remove, and treat ill persons or their contacts. \n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties"]}]},{"ISO3":"IRL","Name":"Ireland","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1947-10-20","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-04-07"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des 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Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2005-03-23","Date_entered_into_force":"2005-06-21"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1996-12-02","Date_entered_into_force":"1997-01-01"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-11","Date_ratified":"1994-12-03","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-03-03"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2011-09-21","Date_ratified":"2015-02-04","Date_entered_into_force":"2015-05-05"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2017-12-13","Date_entered_into_force":"2018-01-12"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the 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Environment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2011-07-09","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Law No. 15/026 of December 31, 2015 relating to water","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-12-31","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Law No. 18/035 of December 13, 2018 Establishing the Fundamental Principles relating to the Organization of Public Health","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-12-13","Relevant_articles":"**Title 5, Chapter 1** - Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Article 44** Transparency requirements\n\n**Article 91, 94** - Mandatory Childhood Vaccinations \n\n**Article 92** - Vaccinations will be free\n\n**Article 98** - Emergency Vaccination\n\n** Title II, Article 5 **Community 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legislation","Access to resources","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Benefit-sharing","Legal sanctions"]}]},{"ISO3":"PRK","Name":"Democratic People's Republic of Korea","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1973-05-19","Date_entered_into_force":"1973-05-19"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2001-03-02","Date_entered_into_force":"2001-03-02"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1987-03-13","Date_entered_into_force":"1987-03-13"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological 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resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Act on water supply and sewerage systems","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2001-07-10","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-10-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste water treatment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1991-05-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Regulation on indicators and values of acceptable pollution of surface waters and waste waters, on permits to discharge waste waters into surface water and sewerage, and on sensitive areas","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-12-30","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal ","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Wastes Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"European Union (Veterinary Medicinal Products and Medicated Feed) Regulations 2022","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Public Health Protection Act 2000","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-11-08","Relevant_articles":"**Section 2** - defines quarantine and isolation\n\n**Section 9 **- states that social exclusion and criminalization (fines) can be used to enforce mandatory vaccinations\n\n**Section 45** - states that the state may set the mandatory vaccinations for children and specific populations.\n\n**Section 46** states that medical exceptions, but not non-medical exemptions will be accepted.\n\n**Section 67** - gives physicians the authority to order quarantine or isolation and grants the Ministry of Health the power to oblige physicians to carry out quarantine and isolation orders.\n\n**Section 69** - designates quarantine as an extraordinary measure during an epidemic and allows for mandatory vaccinations to be used in the case of an infectious disease event (Emergency).\n\n**Section 80** - allows the Ministry of Health to carry out extraordinary measures. \n\n**Section 92K** - Penalties\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination","Enforcement of emergency vaccination"]},{"Name":"Decree of the Ministry of Health on vaccination against infectious diseases","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-12-15","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Diphtheria vaccination","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"(2021/C 13/01) Guidance document on the scope of application and core obligations of Regulation (EU) No 511/2014","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Access to resources","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1866","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance"]},{"Name":"Act of 17 May 2018 on conditions of utilisation of genetic resources under the Nagoya Protocol ","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-05-17","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance","Legal sanctions","Scope of legislation"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"CYP","Name":"Cyprus","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1961-01-16","Date_entered_into_force":"1961-01-16"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1961-11-13","Date_entered_into_force":"1961-11-13"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1974-10-18","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-07-01"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1973-11-06","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-03-26"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2003-12-05","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-03-04"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1995-06-30","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-07-30"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-12","Date_ratified":"1996-07-10","Date_entered_into_force":"1996-10-08"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1966-11-29","Date_entered_into_force":"1966-11-29"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Signatory","Date_signed":"2011-12-29","Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Paris 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antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Animal Health Law, 2001 (Law No. 109(I)/2001)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures"]},{"Name":"Law No. 10 of 2006 concerning Veterinary Medicinal Products (Quality Control, Registration, Circulation, Manufacture, Administration and Use)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2006-02-17","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Water Protection and Management Act 2003 ","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2004-02-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Water Pollution Control (Code of Good Agricultural Practice) Order, 2007 (P.I. 263/2007)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2007-06-22","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-10-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial 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production, import, business operation and use of some pharmaceutical feed additives and making adjustments to relevant management policies","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1984-05-11","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Water Law of the People's Republic of China (2002)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-08-29","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Technical guidelines for environmental site monitoring","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-02-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Guidelines for the use of fishery drugs for non-polluted food - National Agricultural Standard NY5071-2002","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-07-25","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant( National Standard GB 18918-2002 )","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2002-12-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Regulations on the Administration of Medical Wastes","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-06-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Regulations on Urban Drainage and Sewage Treatment","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2013-10-02","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]}]},{"ISO3":"CHL","Name":"Chile","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1948-10-15","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-10-15"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1962-04-02","Date_entered_into_force":"1962-04-02"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1975-02-14","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-07-01"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1980-04-22","Date_entered_into_force":"1980-04-22"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Signatory","Date_signed":"2000-05-24","Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1994-12-28","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-01"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-13","Date_ratified":"1994-09-09","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-12-08"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1925-06-17","Date_ratified":"1935-07-02","Date_entered_into_force":"1935-07-02"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-09-20","Date_ratified":"2017-02-10","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-03-12"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2013-07-26","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Law No. 19.039 on Industrial Property","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2006-03-09","Relevant_articles":"Article 51\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Law No. 18,755 - Establishes Regulations on the Agricultural and Livestock Service","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1988-10-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 25 - Regulation of Pharmaceutical Products for Exclusively Veterinary Use","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 4 – Approves Animal Food Regulations and Repeals Decrees indicated","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Resolution 4254 creates the official control system for marketing and use of anabolics for the purposes of promoting growth in cattle","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":"2017-07-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 46 - Standard for the emission of liquid waste into groundwater","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-02-17","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 1 - Regulation for the control of aquatic pollution","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1992-01-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Law No. 20,417 - Creates the Ministry, the Environmental Assessment Service and the Superintendence of the Environment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-01-07","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Manual of Good Practices in the Use of Antimicrobials in Chilean Salmon Farming","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 4 - Regulations for the management of sludge generated in sewage treatment plants","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2009-01-30","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal ","Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Decree 148 Approves Sanitary Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-06-12","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Decree with Force of Law No. 458 – New General Law of Urban Planning and Construction","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1975-12-18","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"1967 Sanitary Code","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1967-12-11","Relevant_articles":"**Article 5** defines the \"health authority\" as the Minister of Health.\n\n**Articles 22 and 26** give the health authority the power to isolate and quarantine, respectively. \n\n**Article 32 and 33 **- gives the President the power to declare, upon recommendation by the Director General of Public Health, mandatory vaccinations for the Chilean population. In the event of a disease outbreak for which there is a vaccine, the president can declare that vaccine mandatory as well. Medical exemptions are acceptable. \n\n**Article 175** outlines penalties. Individuals that do not comply with mandatory vaccination requirements will be subject to a fine ranging from about 5-51,000,000 Chilean Pesos.\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination"]},{"Name":"Provides Mandatory Vaccination Against Immune Preventable Diseases of the Country's Population","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-09-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Chickenpox (varicella) vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]}]},{"ISO3":"CAF","Name":"Central African Republic","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1960-09-20","Date_entered_into_force":"1960-09-20"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1959-08-04","Date_entered_into_force":"1959-08-04"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1980-08-27","Date_entered_into_force":"1980-11-25"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) 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Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2011-04-06","Date_ratified":"2018-07-27","Date_entered_into_force":"2018-10-25"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-10-11","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-10"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2014-01-13","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Agreement Revising the Bangui Agreement of March 2, 1977, on the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1977-03-02","Relevant_articles":"Articles 49 to 58 of Annex I\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Law No. 01-009 of July 16, 2001 creating the national order of veterinarians and setting the framework for the exercise of the veterinary profession","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Order governing the entry and movement of livestock in the Central African Republic","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Law No. 65-61 regulating livestock breeding in the Central African Republic","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Law No. 03-04 of January 20, 2003 on the Hygiene Code in the Central African Republic","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-01-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Law No. 06.001 of April 12, 2006 on the Water Code of the Central African Republic","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2006-04-12","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Environmental Code of the Central African Republic: Law No. 07.018 of 28 December 2007","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2007-12-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Law No. 07.018 of 28 December 2007","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2007-12-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Legal sanctions","Prior informed consent (PIC)"]}]},{"ISO3":"CMR","Name":"Cameroon","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1960-05-06","Date_entered_into_force":"1960-05-06"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1962-02-21","Date_entered_into_force":"1960-01-01"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1981-06-05","Date_entered_into_force":"1981-09-03"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2013-01-18","Date_entered_into_force":"2013-01-18"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2001-02-09","Date_ratified":"2003-02-20","Date_entered_into_force":"2003-09-11"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1995-11-13","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-12-13"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-14","Date_ratified":"1994-10-19","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-17"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1989-04-21","Date_entered_into_force":"1989-04-21"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2016-11-30","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-02-28"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-07-29","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-04"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Agreement Revising the Bangui Agreement of March 2, 1977, on the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1977-03-02","Relevant_articles":"Articles 49 to 58 of Annex I\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Law No. 90/033 of August 10, 1990 relating to the exercise and organization of the veterinary profession","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Law No. 2000/018 regulating veterinary pharmacy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Law No. 2001-6 on the nomenclature and zoo-sanitary regulations of livestock diseases deemed legally contagious and subject to compulsory notification","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Law No. 96-12 on the framework law relating to environmental management","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1996-08-05","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Law No. 98-005 of 14 April 1998 relating to the governing of water","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1998-04-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 2001/165/PM specifying the procedures for protecting surface water and groundwater against pollution","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-05-08","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Decree No. 2005/0577/PM of February 23, 2005 on the procedures for carrying out environmental impact studies","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-02-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Order No. 111/PM of 06 October 2023","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2023-10-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Contractual terms"]},{"Name":"Decision No. 00150/MINEPDED of 25 Nov 2020","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-11-25","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Scope of legislation","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"Law No. 2021/014 of 09 July 2021","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-07-09","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Access to resources","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Legal sanctions","Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"KHM","Name":"Cambodia","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1950-05-17","Date_entered_into_force":"1950-05-17"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1951-04-03","Date_entered_into_force":"1951-04-03"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1997-07-04","Date_entered_into_force":"1997-10-02"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1983-03-09","Date_entered_into_force":"1983-03-09"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2003-09-17","Date_entered_into_force":"2003-12-16"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2003-09-12","Date_ratified":"2004-09-13","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-10-13"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1995-02-09","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-05-10"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1983-03-15","Date_entered_into_force":"1983-03-15"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2012-02-01","Date_ratified":"2015-01-19","Date_entered_into_force":"2015-04-19"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2017-02-06","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-03-08"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2011-11-01","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Law on the Patents, Utility Model Certificates and Industrial Designs","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-01-02","Relevant_articles":"Sections 11 and 12 (Articles 47 to 64)\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Law on Compulsory Licensing for Public Health","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-04-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Law on Animal Health and Production (No. NS/RKM/0116/003)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Prakas No. 384 ProrKor.KorSorKor of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries dated on 02 October 2020 on the Procedures for Managing Veterinary Medicines and Biological Materials in Trade and Mixing","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Sub-Decree On Water Pollution Control No. 27 ANRK.BK","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-04-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Sub-Decree On Solid Waste Management No.36 ANRK.BK","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-04-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Law on Preventive Measures against the Spread of COVID-19 and Other Severe and Dangerous Contagious Diseases ","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-03-11","Relevant_articles":"**Article 3** - Emergency Vaccination Requirement (As ordered by sub-decree)\n\n**Article 11** - Enforcement Mechanism for Emergency Vaccination (Criminalization)\n\n**Article 13** - All measures and penalties outlined for COVID-19 may be made in the case of other epidemic diseases\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Emergency media and communications authority","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties"]},{"Name":"Sub-Decree on Access to and Sharing of Benefits Arising from Utilization of Genetic Resources","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2023-05-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Contractual terms","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Legal sanctions","Benefit-sharing","Access to resources","Compliance","Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"CPV","Name":"Cabo Verde","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of 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quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Law No. 23/94/ADP on the Public Health Code","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1994-05-19","Relevant_articles":"**Article 60** - Mandatory childhood vaccinations\n\n**Article 61** - Emergency vaccination\n\n**Article 64** - Compulsory Hygiene and Prophylaxis Measures During a Sanitary Alert\n\n**Article 65** - Public health alerts\n\n**Article 66** - Violation of health measures\n\n**Article 67** - Enforcement of Childhood and Emergency Vaccination (Criminalization) and Quarantine and Isolation (Hygiene and Prophylaxis Measures)\n\n**Article 68** - Exemption Provisions (Medical)\n\n**Article 75-78** - Control of vector-borne and other endemic diseases\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation","Risk communication and community engagement"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination 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veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Medicines Order, 2007","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Water Supply Act (Chapter 121)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1962-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Chapter 204 Infectious Diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-01-01","Relevant_articles":"**Article 15** - Quarantine, Isolation, and Enforcement Mechanisms\n\n**Article 17 **- Population-level Quarantine\n\n**Article 47** - Childhood Vaccinations\n\n**Article 48** - Emergency Vaccinations\n\n**Article 51** - Exemption Provisions (Medical) \n\n**Articles 52, 69** - Enforcement Mechanisms for Childhood and Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Article 69** - Enforcement Mechanisms for Quarantine and Isolation\n**First Schedule** - Actionable Diseases\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate"]}]},{"ISO3":"BRA","Name":"Brazil","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1948-06-02","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-06-02"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1924-01-25","Date_ratified":"1928-12-14","Date_entered_into_force":"1928-12-14"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1975-08-06","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-11-04"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1973-02-27","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-03-26"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2003-11-24","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-02-22"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1994-12-21","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-01"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-05","Date_ratified":"1994-02-28","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-05-29"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1925-06-17","Date_ratified":"1970-08-28","Date_entered_into_force":"1970-08-28"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2011-02-02","Date_ratified":"2021-03-04","Date_entered_into_force":"2021-06-02"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-09-21","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-04"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2008-11-13","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Industrial Property Law No. 9.279 of 14/05/1996 ","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1996-05-14","Relevant_articles":"Articles 68 to 74\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Law No. 5517 of October 23, 1968","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 24.548 of July 3, 1934","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Competent veterinary authority"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 5053 of April 22, 2004","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Norm No. 14 of May 17, 2012","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Norm No. 2 of January 25, 2021","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 8.468 regulating Law No. 997 on environmental pollution control","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1976-09-08","Relevant_articles":"Part II\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 92.752 approving the program of basic actions for protection of the environment","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1986-06-05","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Law No. 16.337 creating the State Water Resources Plan (PERH)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-12-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"CONAMA Resolution 430/11","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2011-05-13","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Resolution Conama No. 358 ruling on final disposal of waste originated from sanitary services","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-04-29","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Law No. 6,259 of October 30, 1975","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1975-10-30","Relevant_articles":"**Article 3** - Mandatory and Free Vaccinations\n\n**Article 5** - Enforcement Mechanism (Financial Levers - family allowance contingent on vaccination status) \n\n**Article 7** - Actionable Diseases for Quarantine and Isolation\n\n**Articles 11-13** - Broad Authority to Quarantine and Isolate\n\n**Article 14** - Enforcement Mechanisms for Quarantine and Isolation\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Chickenpox (varicella) vaccination","Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Authority to quarantine","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate","List of actionable diseases"]},{"Name":"Child and Adolescent Statute, 1990","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1990-07-13","Relevant_articles":"**Article 14** - Mandatory Vaccination\n\n**Article 18** - Penalty (referral to Guardianship Council)\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement"]},{"Name":"Law No. 13.123 of 20 May 2015","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Legal sanctions","Compliance","Digital sequence information (DSI)"]},{"Name":"CGEN Resolution No. 12, of 18 September 2018","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-09-18","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Contractual terms"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"BWA","Name":"Botswana","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1975-02-26","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-02-26"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1968-06-20","Date_entered_into_force":"1968-06-20"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1977-11-14","Date_entered_into_force":"1978-02-12"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1992-02-05","Date_entered_into_force":"1992-02-05"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2001-06-01","Date_ratified":"2002-06-11","Date_entered_into_force":"2003-09-11"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-12-27","Date_ratified":"1994-12-30","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-05-31"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-08","Date_ratified":"1995-10-12","Date_entered_into_force":"1996-01-10"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2013-02-21","Date_entered_into_force":"2014-10-12"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-11-11","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-12-12"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2014-06-18","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Industrial Property Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-04-24","Relevant_articles":"Sections 31-33\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Diseases of Animals Act (Chapter 37:01)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Surgeons Act (Chapter 61:04)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Medicines and Related Substances Act, 2018","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2013-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Control of Goods (Animal Feed Additives and Growth Promoters) Regulations (Chapter 43:08)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Water Act (Chapter 34:01)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1968-02-09","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Waste Management Act (Chapter 65:06)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1998-09-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Public Health Act (Chapter 63:01)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-02-03","Relevant_articles":"**Section 25** - Quarantine and Isolation powers granted to national government during public health emergencies\n\n**Section 57 **- Vests medical practitioners with the power to isolate, regardless of public health emergency status\n\n**Section 68** - Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Section 69 **- Medical Exemptions\n\n**Section 116 and 118** - Isolation for HIV and penalties for violation of such orders\n\n**Section 149** - Routine Childhood Vaccinations, with Mandatory Vaccinations included in Schedule 5. Penalties (Criminalization)\n\n**Section 176** - Emergency Vaccination Enforcement Mechanism (Criminalization)\n\n**Sections 25, 57, 188** - Patient penalties for violations of quarantine and isolation orders\n\n**Article 36** - Entry/Exit Vaccination (Defined as Yellow Fever in Annex 6 and 7)\n\n**Part III, 23 **Transparency requirements\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation","Risk communication and community engagement"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Childhood vaccination requirement","Tuberculosis vaccination","Transparency requirements"]}]},{"ISO3":"BIH","Name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1992-09-10","Date_entered_into_force":"1992-09-10"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1994-08-08","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-08-08"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2009-01-21","Date_entered_into_force":"2009-04-21"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1994-08-15","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-08-15"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2009-10-01","Date_entered_into_force":"2009-12-30"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Observer","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2002-08-26","Date_entered_into_force":"2002-11-24"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2017-03-16","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-04-15"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Observer","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Non-party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":null}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Law on Patents","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-05-28","Relevant_articles":"Articles 79 and 80\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation on the method of prescribing and dispensing of medicines for use in veterinary medicine","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation on undesirable substances in animal feed","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Regulation on medical waste management","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-05","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Law on the Protection of the Population from Infectious Diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-01-01","Relevant_articles":"**Article 3: **Obligates healthcare institutions to control infectious diseases through national law.\n\n**Article 8: **Lists isolatable and reportable diseases. \n\n**Article 9: **Special measures for the control of infectious diseases are to be carried out in accordance with federal and cantonal programs.\n\n**Article 11: **Qualifies both quarantine and isolation to fall under special measures in Article 9.\n\n**Article 21: **Obligates healthcare institutions to isolate patients.\n\n**Article 22: **During epidemics the Federal Minister can make decisions about isolation, but if the epidemic impacts only one canton, then the canton can make decisions about isolation with prior consent from the Federal Minister.\n\n**Article 40: **Outlines the mandatory vaccinations, vaccinations for country entry/exit and states that any vaccination can be made mandatory against any infectious disease for which there are epidemiological indications that vaccination is necessary. \n\n**Article 41: **States the requirements for medical exemptions. \n\n**Article 46: **Establishes the Federal Minister's authority to quarantine, sets quarantinable diseases, requires the quarantine of healthcare workers treating patients with quarantinable diseases, and authorizes cantons to physically secure quarantine conditions.\n\n**Article 47: **Establishes cantonal authority to quarantine through \"home isolation\" orders for family members of the sick.\n\n**Article 70: **States that a fine of 100-2,000 KM can be imposed on any individual who fails to comply with mandatory and emergency vaccinations or persons who fail to comply with quarantine orders, home isolation orders, and isolation orders.\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate"]}]},{"ISO3":"BOL","Name":"Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1949-12-23","Date_entered_into_force":"1949-12-23"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1986-05-06","Date_entered_into_force":"1986-05-06"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1979-07-06","Date_entered_into_force":"1979-10-04"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1975-10-30","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-10-30"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2000-05-24","Date_ratified":"2002-04-22","Date_entered_into_force":"2003-09-11"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1994-04-15","Date_ratified":"1995-08-13","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-09-12"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-13","Date_ratified":"1994-10-03","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-01-01"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1985-01-14","Date_entered_into_force":"1985-01-14"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2016-10-06","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-04"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-10-05","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-04"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2018-01-30","Date_entered_into_force":"2018-01-30"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Decision No. 486 of the Andean Community Commission Establishing the Common Regime on Industrial Property","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-09-14","Relevant_articles":"Articles 61 to 69\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"General Animal Health Regulations (REGENSA), 2022","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"SENASAG Administrative Resolution No. 76","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Supreme Decree No. 24,176 - Regulation of the Environmental Law. Regulation on water pollution","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1995-12-08","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Law No. 71 - Law of rights of mother earth","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-12-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"SENASAG Administrative Resolution No. 09/2021 – Approves the General Animal Health Regulation REGENSA V.2021","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-01-25","Relevant_articles":"Title VIII\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Law No 2066, Law of the Provision and Use of Potable Water and Sanitary Sewerage ","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-04-11","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Law of October 26, 1906 - Water Regulations","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1906-10-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Supreme Decree No. 24,176 - Regulation of the Environmental Law. Regulations for activities with dangerous substances","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1995-12-08","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Health Code of Bolivia","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1978-07-20","Relevant_articles":"Section 3\n**Article 79** - Mandatory and Emergency Vaccination\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties"]},{"Name":"Decision 486","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-09-14","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Access to resources","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"Decision 391 ","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1996-07-17","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Access to resources","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"Regulation of Decision 391 of the Commission of the Cartagena Agreement and of the Biosafety, Supreme Decree N 24676","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1997-06-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance","Access to resources","Contractual terms","Legal sanctions","Benefit-sharing","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"BTN","Name":"Bhutan","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1982-03-08","Date_entered_into_force":"1982-03-08"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1990-12-14","Date_entered_into_force":"1990-12-14"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2002-08-15","Date_entered_into_force":"2002-11-13"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1978-06-08","Date_entered_into_force":"1978-06-08"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2002-08-26","Date_entered_into_force":"2003-09-11"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 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medical products"]},{"Name":"Water Act of Bhutan, 2011","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2011-05-31","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Water Quality Standards, 2018","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-07-06","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Water Regulation of Bhutan 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Waste Prevention and Management Act of Bhutan, 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Benin","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-11-26","Relevant_articles":"**Articles 150 and 152** - Mandatory Childhood Vaccination\n\n**Article 357** - Enforcement of Childhood Vaccinations (Criminalization)\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]}]},{"ISO3":"BLZ","Name":"Belize","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1990-08-23","Date_entered_into_force":"1990-08-23"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2002-01-12","Date_entered_into_force":"2002-01-12"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 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33)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"National Integrated Water Resources Act (CAP. 222:01)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2010-05-18","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Pollution Regulations","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1996-01-01","Relevant_articles":"Part IX\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Public Health Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1943-11-15","Relevant_articles":"**Part four** - contains requirements for the provision and operations of sewerage 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Book XI 'Intellectual Property' to the Code of Economic Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-04-19","Relevant_articles":"Articles XI.37-43\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision","Pharmaceutical export provision"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases ('Animal Health Law')","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Law on the practice of veterinary medicine","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Animal Health Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health 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Community action in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-10-23","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Directive (EU) 2020/2184 on the quality of water intended for human consumption","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-12-16","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste water treatment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1991-05-21","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Sewerage","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Council Directive of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-11-19","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Decree of the Flemish Government implementing Chapter IIIbis of the law of March 26, 1971 on the protection of surface water against pollution and Chapter IVbis of the decree of January 24, 1984 on measures for the management of 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mandatory","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":"1966-10-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Polio vaccination"]},{"Name":"Health Act of September 1, 1945","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1945-10-10","Relevant_articles":"Article 1 - Broad Quarantine and Isolation Authority\nArticle 5 - Enforcement Mechanisms\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Polio vaccination","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Authority to isolate","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties"]},{"Name":"Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-05-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Compliance","Legal sanctions"]},{"Name":"(2021/C 13/01) Guidance document on the scope of application and core obligations of Regulation (EU) No 511/2014","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2016-08-27","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of legislation","Digital sequence information (DSI)","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Access to resources","Compliance"]},{"Name":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1866","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2015-10-20","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance"]},{"Name":"Law relating to access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2023-10-13","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Compliance","Legal sanctions","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Benefit-sharing","Access to resources","Scope of legislation"]},{"Name":"Compilation of Views and Information on Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources","Type":"Supporting document","Date_of_original_publication":"2020-02-04","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Digital sequence information (DSI)"]}]},{"ISO3":"BLR","Name":"Belarus","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1948-04-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-04-07"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des 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"]},{"Name":"Environmental Planning and Protection Act No. 40 of 2019","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2019-12-19","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Water quality standards","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Health Rules (Cap. 231)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1935-04-20","Relevant_articles":"Section 56 pertains to quarantine. Sections 58 and 61 pertains to isolation. Sections 56, 58, and 61 pertain to actionable diseases. Section 61 gives the minister powers to remove persons with tuberculosis to isolation hospitals. Section 160 sets forth penalties.\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate"]},{"Name":"Environmental Health Services (Collection and Disposal of Waste) Regulations, 2004 (Cap. 232)","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2004-03-31","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"Biological Resources and Traditional Knowledge Act 2019","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-03-08","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Compliance","Legal sanctions","Prior informed consent (PIC)","Contractual terms","Benefit-sharing"]},{"Name":"An Act to promote general vaccination","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1860-04-12","Relevant_articles":"**Article 13 **- Mandatory Childhood Vaccination\n\n**Article 15** - Exemption Provisions\n\n**Article 18** - Enforcement Mechanisms (Criminalization)\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement"]}]},{"ISO3":"AZE","Name":"Azerbaijan","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1992-10-02","Date_entered_into_force":"1992-10-02"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1995-02-28","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-02-28"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 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provision"]},{"Name":"Veterinary Act No. 992-IIQ","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Environmental Protection Law of 1999, No. 678–IQ","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-06-08","Relevant_articles":"\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Law No. 1175-VQ on environmental impact assessment","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-06-12","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Water Code","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1997-12-26","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Law No. 723-IQ on water supply and effluent wastewater","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-10-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Law No. 514-IQ industrial and consumer waste","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1998-06-30","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Medical waste disposal"]},{"Name":"About immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2000-04-14","Relevant_articles":"Article 5 - Emergency Vaccination\nArticle 16 - Enforcement of Emergency Vaccination (Criminalization)\n","Topics":["General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination"]}]},{"ISO3":"AUT","Name":"Austria","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1946-07-22","Date_ratified":"1947-06-30","Date_entered_into_force":"1948-04-07"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1928-06-30","Date_entered_into_force":"1928-06-30"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 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7A\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures","Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Competent veterinary authority","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties"]},{"Name":"Veterinarians Act 2005","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Animal Products (Regulated Control Scheme -Contaminant Monitoring and Surveillance) Regulations 2004","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines (Exemptions and Prohibited Substances) Regulations 2011","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Building Act 2004","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2004-08-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"Water Services (Drinking Water Standards for New Zealand) Regulations 2022","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2022-06-07","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water 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authority","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to quarantine","List of actionable diseases","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Authority to isolate"]},{"Name":"Water Act, 2008 (No. 15 of 2008)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Lesotho Electricity and Water Authority Water and Sewage Treatment Facilities Safety Standards 2013","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2013-05-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage"]},{"Name":"The Public Health Order 1970","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1970-01-01","Relevant_articles":"**Article 25** - Requirement for Childhood Vaccination\n\n**Article 27** - Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Article 28** - Medical Exemption\n\n**Article 31 **- Vaccinations to be provided free of charge\n\n**Article 34** - Enforcement Mechanism (Social Exclusion)\n\n**Article 88** - Enforcement Mechanism (Criminalization)\n\n**Part II: Article 5**: Community Engagement \n","Topics":["General vaccination policies","Risk communication and community engagement"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Transparency requirements"]},{"Name":"Environment Act 2008","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2008-12-05","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing","Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources","Scope of legislation","Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]}]},{"ISO3":"LAO","Name":"Lao People's Democratic Republic","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1950-05-17","Date_entered_into_force":"1950-05-17"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1951-02-06","Date_entered_into_force":"1951-02-06"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2004-03-01","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-05-30"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-04-10","Date_ratified":"1973-03-20","Date_entered_into_force":"1975-03-26"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol 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Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-09-07","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-04"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2015-09-29","Date_entered_into_force":"2017-01-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Law No. 38/NA of November 15, 2017, on Intellectual Property","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-05-25","Relevant_articles":"Article 64\n","Topics":["Trade and intellectual property"],"Subtopics":["Compulsory licensing provision"]},{"Name":"Law on Animal Husbandry and Veterinary (Revised) No. 08 / NA","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Competent veterinary authority","Animal movement regulations","Approval of other animal health measures"]},{"Name":"Decree No. 199/GOL on Veterinary Medicines","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Medical waste disposal","Pollutant disposal in water sources","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Decision No. 0545/MOAF on antimicrobials for animals and aquatic animals","Type":"Other","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products","Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products","Prophylactic use of antimicrobials","Medicated feed"]},{"Name":"Decision No. 0545/MOAF on antimicrobials for animals and aquatic animals","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-05-12","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prophylactic use of antimicrobials"]},{"Name":"Law on Water and Water Resource","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1996-10-11","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Effluent wastewater disposal ","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Environmental Protection Law 2013 (Revised Version No. 29/NA)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2012-12-18","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Decision No. 1687/MONRE on the Pollution Control","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"2021-04-07","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Effluent wastewater disposal "]},{"Name":"Law on Vaccination","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2018-06-25","Relevant_articles":"**Articles 6, 14, 60** - Mandatory Childhood and Emergency Vaccination\n\n**Article 38 **- Enforcement of Childhood Vaccination (Social Exclusion)\n\n**Article 89 **- Enforcement of Childhood and Emergency Vaccination\n","Topics":["Childhood vaccination","General vaccination policies"],"Subtopics":["Childhood vaccination requirement","Diphtheria vaccination","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of childhood vaccination requirement","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Exemption from childhood vaccination requirement","Measles vaccination","Polio vaccination","Tuberculosis vaccination"]},{"Name":"Biotechnology Safety Law","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2014-01-28","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Access to resources","Benefit-sharing","Compliance","Legal sanctions","Scope of legislation"]}]},{"ISO3":"GMB","Name":"Gambia (Republic of The)","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1971-04-26","Date_entered_into_force":"1971-04-26"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2004-10-08","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-10-08"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"2007-06-15"},{"Name":"Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1977-08-26","Date_entered_into_force":"1977-11-24"},{"Name":"Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1972-06-02","Date_ratified":"1997-05-07","Date_entered_into_force":"1997-05-07"},{"Name":"Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2000-05-24","Date_ratified":"2004-06-09","Date_entered_into_force":"2004-09-07"},{"Name":"Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1996-09-23","Date_ratified":null,"Date_entered_into_force":"1996-10-23"},{"Name":"Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-12","Date_ratified":"1994-06-10","Date_entered_into_force":"1994-09-08"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1966-11-05","Date_entered_into_force":"1966-11-05"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2014-07-03","Date_entered_into_force":"2014-10-12"},{"Name":"Paris 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1994)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1994-05-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Environmental Quality Standards Regulations, 1999","Type":"Regulation","Date_of_original_publication":"1999-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Gambia Public Utilities Regulatory Authority Act, 2001","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2001-12-24","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Sewerage","Water quality standards"]},{"Name":"Biodiversity and Wildlife Act 2003","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2003-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Access and benefit-sharing"],"Subtopics":["Scope of 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agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Qualifications for prescribing veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Medicinal Products Decree 2011","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":null,"Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture"],"Subtopics":["Prescription and sale of veterinary medical products"]},{"Name":"Environment Management Act 2005 (No. 1 of 2005)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2005-03-17","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality monitoring","Effluent wastewater disposal ","Pollutant disposal in water sources"]},{"Name":"Water Authority of Fiji Promulgation 2007 (Promulgation No. 25 of 2007)","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"2007-01-01","Relevant_articles":null,"Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene"],"Subtopics":["Water quality standards","Sewerage","Water quality monitoring"]},{"Name":"Public Health Act","Type":"Legislation","Date_of_original_publication":"1936-01-01","Relevant_articles":"Part VII details powers in infectious disease management, assigning quarantine and isolation powers to the national level. Article 69, section 3 c,d allow for the ordering of emergency vaccination and state that any attempt to forego this vaccination or otherwise interfere will result in a fine of $40. The first schedule lists actionable diseases.\n","Topics":["Antimicrobial resistance and water, sanitation, and hygiene","General vaccination policies","Quarantine and isolation"],"Subtopics":["Authority to isolate","Authority to quarantine","Emergency vaccination authority","Enforcement of emergency vaccination","Isolation enforcement mechanisms and penalties","List of actionable diseases","Quarantine and isolation policies","Quarantine enforcement mechanisms and penalties","Sewerage"]}]},{"ISO3":"SWZ","Name":"Eswatini","Treaties":[{"Name":"Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1973-04-16","Date_entered_into_force":"1973-04-16"},{"Name":"International Agreement for the creation of an Office International des Epizooties","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1970-11-23","Date_entered_into_force":"1970-11-23"},{"Name":"International Health Regulations (IHR) 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(CBD)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"1992-06-12","Date_ratified":"1994-11-09","Date_entered_into_force":"1995-02-07"},{"Name":"Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (Geneva Protocol)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"1991-07-10","Date_entered_into_force":"1991-07-10"},{"Name":"Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2016-09-21","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-12-20"},{"Name":"Paris Agreement","Status":"Party","Date_signed":"2016-04-22","Date_ratified":"2016-09-21","Date_entered_into_force":"2016-11-04"},{"Name":"Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)","Status":"Party","Date_signed":null,"Date_ratified":"2022-05-23","Date_entered_into_force":"2022-05-23"}],"Documents":[{"Name":"Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs Act, 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